UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA         AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 
COLLEGE    OF    AGRICULTURE  E    J-  wickson.    director 

BERKELEY 


CIRCULAR  No.  68 

August,  1911 


THE   PREVENTION   OF    HOG   CHOLERA 

Introductory  Note. — The  value  of  the  Dorset-Niles  anti-hog  cholera  serum 
in  preventing  hog  cholera,  has  been  demonstrated  beyond  question.  Over 
twenty  state  governments  have  taken  steps  to  protect  their  hog-raising  indus- 
tries by  appropriating  funds  to  establish  plants  for  the  manufacture  of  the 
serum.  California  has  appropriated  $16,000  for  this  purpose,  the  plant  to  be 
established  at  the  California  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Berkeley.  The 
serum  will  be  sold  by  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  California  at  actual 
cost  of  production,  and,  in  cases  of  outbreaks  of  hog  cholera,  will  be  furnished 
free  to  hog  raisers  in  amounts  not  exceeding  five  hundred  cubic  centimeters 
(about  one  pint,  enough  to  immunize  twenty  pigs  averaging  one  hundred  pounds). 
Hypodermic  syringes  and  other  necessary  equipment  in  using  the  serum  can  also 
be  secured  from  the  University. 

In  outbreaks  of  hog  cholera,  the  best  way  to  stop  further  losses  and  stamp 
out  the  disease  is  by  the  use  of  anti-hog  cholera  serum.  All  hogs  on  the  infected 
premises,  exposed  to  contagion,  but  not  visibly  ill,  should  be  immunized  with 
the  serum;  those  not  exposed  may  be  treated  by  the  simultaneous  method,  using 
both  serum  and  vaccine. 

One  of  the  most  successful  uses  of  the  serum  is  to  immunize  valuable  pure- 
bred hogs  before  shipment. 

C.  M.  Haring,  Veterinarian. 

GENERAL  PREVENTIVE  MEASURES. 

All  that  is  necessary  to  prevent  hog  cholera  is  to  keep  the  germ  of 
the  disease  away  from  the  herd.  It  has  been  shown  that  in  the  vast 
majority  of  cases  this  germ  is  transported  mechanically,  in  the  bodies 
of  sick  hogs  and  on  the  feet  of  men,  or  animals,  including  birds.  It 
thus  follows  that  the  chances  of  an  outbreak  of  hog  cholera  will  be 
greatly  lessened,  if  not  completely  avoided,  if  a  herd  is  protected  from 
these  carriers  of  infection.  The  enforcement  of  a  complete  quarantine 
is,  however,  not  practicable  under  average  farm  conditions,  and  the 
best  that  can  be  hoped  for  is  the  lessening  of  the  opportunity  for 
infection  by  placing  the  herd  on  a  part  of  the  farm  that  will  be  the 
least  accessible  to  men  or  animals  from  other  farms.  Hog  lots  should 
never  be  located  near  public  roads  if  this  can  be  avoided.  All  newly 
purchased  stock  should  be  kept  separate  from  the  main  herd  for  at 
least  thirty  days. 

In  addition  to  protecting  the  herd  by  methods  of  quarantine, 
careful  attention  should  be  given  to  the  general  health  of  the  herd. 
The  hogs  should  be  provided  with  clean,  dry,  sleeping  places,  and  the 
lots  and  feeding  troughs  should  be  kept  clean.  It  is  well,  occasionally, 
to  scatter  slaked  lime  about  the  lots  and  to  wash  and  disinfect  the 


troughs.  Probably  the  best  disinfectant  for  this  purpose  is  the  com- 
pound solution  of  cresol  (U.  S.  P.),  which  can  be  prepared  at  any  drug 
store.  One  part  of  this  should  be  mixed  with  thirty  parts  of  water 
and  the  troughs  scrubbed  with  it.  The  disinfectant  is  then  washed  out 
of  the  troughs  with  water. 

After  an  outbreak  of  hog  cholera  the  yards  and  pens  should  be 
thoroughly  cleaned,  all  dead  hogs  should  be  burned  or  buried  deep 
with  quicklime,  the  litter  should  be  collected  and  burned,  and  lime 
scattered  freely  over  the  ground.  The  sheds  and  hog  houses  should 
be  washed  thoroughly  with  the  solution  of  cresol  as  above  described 
before  new  stock  is  brought  on  the  place.  Feeding  troughs  that  have 
been  used  by  sick  pigs  should  be  burned  if  made  of  wood,  but  if  this  is 
not  practicable,  they  should  be  scrubbed  clean  and  thoroughly  soaked 
with  cresol  solution,  the  latter  being  washed  out  before  the  troiighs 
are  used  again. 

It  is  possible  to  start  an  outbreak  of  hog  cholera  by  bringing 
into  the  herd  hogs  that  have  had  the  disease  and  have  apparently 
recovered.  We  have  no  definite  information  concerning  the  length 
of  time  that  such  hogs  may  be  able  to  communicate  the  disease  to 
others,  but  for  safety's  sake  two  or  three  months  should  be  allowed 
to  elapse  after  complete  recovery  before  placing  such  an  animal  with 
susceptible  pigs,  and  then  only  after  washing  or  dipping  in  a  dis- 
infectant solution  (compound  solution  of  cresol,  1  to  100). 

In    Circular   No.    3    of   the    California    Agricultural    Experiment 

Station  is  given  the  following  formula  for  a  medicine  which  was  used 

many  years  ago  as  a  preventive  and  cure  for  hog  cholera : 

Pounds. 

Wood  charcoal  1 

Sulphur  i 

Sodium  chloride  2 

Sodium  bicarbonate  2 

Sodium  hyposulphite  2 

Sodium  sulphate  1 

Antimony  sulphid  (black  antimony)  1 

Experience  has  shown,  however,  that  this  medicine  is  not  to  be 
regarded  as  a  cure  or  preventive  in  the  true  sense  of  the  words,  but 
it  is,  nevertheless,  a  very  good  condition  powder.  This  powder  is 
mixed  with  the  feed  in  the  proportion  of  a  large  tablespoonful  to 
each  two  hundred  pounds'  weight  of  hogs  to  be  treated,  and  should 
not  be  given  oftener  than  once  a  day.  This  medicine  cannot  be  relied 
upon  to  prevent  the  occurrence  of  disease,  except  in  so  far  as  it 
improves  the  general  health  of  the  hogs.  Therefore,  even  though  this 
remedy  be  used,  strict  attention  must  be   given  to  quarantine  and 


sanitary  measures   if  the   disease   is  to  be  warded  off  when   in   the 
neighborhood. 

PKEVENTION    BY    INOCULATION. 

Careful  and  persistent  attention  to  preventive  measures,  such  as 
quarantine,  disinfection,  proper  feeding,  etc.,  on  the  part  of  farmers 
generally,  would  no  doubt  result  in  a  material  reduction  in  the  yearly 
losses  from  hog  cholera,  and  the  importance  of  observing  these  pre- 
cautions cannot  be  overestimated.  However,  as  it  is  regarded  as 
impracticable  to  enforce  a  general  and  completely  effective  quarantine, 
the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  has  endeavored  for  a  number  of  years 
to  find  a  medicine  or  serum  which  could  be  used  for  preventing  hog 
cholera  or  for  curing  hogs  sick  of  that  disease.  It  is  a  well-known 
fact  that  hogs  which  have  recovered  from  hog  cholera  are  thereafter 
immune  from  the  disease.  The  experiments  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry  resulted  in  the  discovery  that  when  such  immunes  are 
injected  with  the  blood  from  a  sick  hog  the  immune  is  not  made  sick, 
but  as  a  result  of  this  injection  its  blood  acquires  the  power  to  protect 
other  hogs  from  hog  cholera.  The  details  of  the  early  experiments 
which  served  to  establish  this  fact  are  given  in  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry  Bulletin  102.*  Since  that  bulletin  was  issued  a  great  deal 
of  additional  work  has  been  carried  out,  and  it  has  been  established 
beyond  question  that  the  early  observations  were  correct,  and  that  it 
is  entirely  possible  to  protect  hogs  if  they  are  treated  with  serum 
from  a  properly  treated  immune  hog. 

The  method  of  producing  this  serum  is  briefly  as  follows : 

A  vigorous  immune  hog — that  is,  one  which  has  recovered  from  an 
attack  of  hog  cholera  or  one  which  has  been  exposed  to  the  disease 
without  contracting  it — is  treated  with  a  large  quantity  of  blood  from  a 
hog  sick  of  hog  cholera.  After  a  week  or  two  blood  is  drawn  from  the 
immune  by  cutting  off  the  end  of  the  tail.  After  standing,  the  blood 
clot  is  removed  and  the  serum  or  fluid  portion  of  the  blood  is  mixed 
with  a  weak  solution  of  carbolic  acid  and  filled  into  sterilized  bottles. 
We  have  in  this  fluid  portion  of  the  immune 's  blood  the  serum  which 
will  protect  hogs  from  hog  cholera.  This  serum  is  used  in  either  one 
of  two  ways,  namely  (1),  the  serum  inoculation,  and  (2),  the  simul- 
taneous inoculation.  These  two  methods  of  treatment  are  carried 
out  as  follows : 

Serum  Inoculation. — The  hogs  which  are  to  be  protected  are 
injected  on  the  inside  of  the  hind  leg  with  a  suitable  dose  of  the  serum 
alone.     This  injection  will  serve  to  protect  hogs  from  hog  cholera  for 


*  Can    be    obtained    only   from   Superintendent    of    Documents,    Government 
Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.     Price,  15  cents. 


4 

several  weeks  and,  in  some  cases,  for  a  longer  time.  But  if  the  hog 
is  not  exposed  to  hog  cholera  within  a  few  weeks  after  this  treatment, 
the  immunity  which  is  conferred  by  the  serum  will  gradually  lessen 
in  degree  and  the  hog  may  again  become  susceptible.  If,  however, 
the  hog  is  exposed  to  hog  cholera  within  a  short  time  after  the  injec- 
tion of  the  serum,  the  immunity  becomes,  so  far  as  experiments  have 
shown,  of  permanent  and  lifelong  duration. 

From  what  has  been  said,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  injection  of  the 
serum  alone  is  especially  to  be  recommended  in  cases  where  there  is 
immediate  danger  of  exposure,  especially  when  valuable  hogs  are 
carried  to  fairs,  and  in  herds  where  the  disease  has  already  broken  out 
but  has  not  progressed  very  far.  In  herds  of  this  character  all  of  the 
well  animals  may  be  treated,  and  even  in  the  case  of  slightly  sick 
animals  much  good  may  be  accomplished  by  the  serum  injection. 

Simultaneous  Inoculation. — In  this  form  of  vaccination  the  same 
serum  is  used  as  is  employed  when  the  serum  alone  is  used,  but  in 
addition  to  the  serum  there  is  injected  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  body, 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  serum,  a  very  small  amount  of  blood  taken 
from  a  hog  sick  of  hog  cholera.  This  simultaneous  injection  of  serum 
and  virulent  blood  confers  upon  the  injected  pig  a  permanent  and 
lasting  immunity,  and  is  therefore  to  be  recommended  in  cases  of  well 
herds  which  may  not  be  exposed  for  some  months  after  the  treatment. 

Safety  of  the  Methods. — Properly  prepared  serum  when  used 
alone,  without  the  employment  of  blood  from  a  sick  hog,  is  entirely 
harmless  and  incapable  of  giving  rise  to  an  attack  of  hog  cholera. 
Nor  does  this  injection  interfere  in  any  way  with  the  growth  of  the 
treated  hogs. 

The  simultaneous  inoculation,  involving  as  it  does  the  use  of  a 
disease-producing  virus,  requires  much  more  care  when  employed  than 
does  the  serum-alone  inoculation,  for,  if  through  careless  prepara- 
tion or  from  any  other  cause  the  serum  should  be  weaker  than  is 
required,  injury  to  the  vaccinated  hog  might  result.  This  danger, 
which  is  extremely  slight  when  carefully  tested  serum  is  used,  is  met 
with  in  practically  all  processes  which  are  now  employed  for  produc- 
ing a  permanent  and  lasting  protection  against  infectious  diseases,  and 
although  it  would  be  very  desirable  to  eliminate  even  this  slight 
element  of  danger,  we  can  hardly  expect  to  do  this  without  at  the 
same  time  sacrificing  to  some  extent  the  high  degree  of  immunity  and 
the  prolonged  protection  which  follows  the  simultaneous  method  in  its 
present  form. 

Practically,  in  deciding  which  method  to  use  one  must  be  governed 


largely  by  the  length  of  immunity  which  is  required.  If  this  is  needed 
for  only  a  few  weeks,  or  if  the  treatment  can  be  repeated  at  short 
intervals,  as  in  the  case  of  exceptionally  valuable  pure-bred  hogs, 
where  the  increased  cost  would  not  be  objected  to,  the  serum  alone 
may  be  used.  In  other  cases  the  simultaneous  method  is  recommended. 
In  either  process  of  vaccination  it  is  considered  highly  desirable  for 
the  treatment  to  be  applied  by  competent  veterinarians  who  have  had 
special  training  in  this  class  of  work,  and  only  such  skilled  men  should 
employ  the  simultaneous  process.  For  the  present,  virulent  blood  for 
the  simultaneous  method  will  not  be  furnished  for  use  unless  the  work 
is  to  be  done  by  a  qualified  veterinarian.  After  treatment  by  the 
simultaneous  method  the  herd  should  be  kept  under  observation  for 
ten  days  or  two  weeks,  and  if  any  of  the  inoculated  hogs  show  serious 
symptoms  of  disease  the  herd  should  be  immediately  re-treated  with 
the  serum  alone.  When  properly  performed,  the  simultaneous  inocu- 
lation does  not  seem  to  injure  the  hog  or  to  interfere  with  its  growth 
in  any  way,  and  if  the  precautions  indicated  above  are  taken,  it  is 
regarded  as  safe  enough  for  practical  use. 

The  serum  is  carefully  tested  before  it  is  seat  out. — All  serum  dis- 
tributed by  the  California  station  will  be  carefully  tested  for  potency 
before  it  is  sent  out.  The  standard  of  potency  is  that  adopted  by  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Practical  Tests. — Field  tests  made  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry  in  an  extended  manner  on  farms  and  at  stockyards 
under  practical  conditions  have  proven  beyond  question  the  value  of 
the  Dorset-Niles  serum.  In  these  practical  experiments  a  number  of 
hogs  were  generally  left  untreated,  so  that  we  might  be  sure  that  the 
herd  actually  had  hog  cholera  and  also  be  able  to  determine  better 
the  action  of  the  serum.  In  these  tests  approximately  two  thousand 
hogs,  located  on  forty-seven  separate  farms,  were  treated.  Some  of 
the  herds  treated  were  apparently  perfectly  well  at  the  time,  but  were 
in  the  neighborhood  where  hog  cholera  was  prevalent.  In  other  cases 
the  disease  was  just  beginning,  as  indicated  by  the  sickness  of  one  or 
two  animals.  In  others  the  disease  had  progressed  to  a  considerable 
extent,  a  number  of  the  animals  in  the  herd  being  sick  at  the  time  of 
treatment;  and  in  still  another  class  of  herds  the  hogs  had  been 
exposed  to  disease  by  contact  with  sick  animals,  but  had  not  developed 
symptoms  of  illness  at  the  time  of  treatment.  The  tests  were  carried 
out  under  farm  conditions,  and  aside  from  the  serum  injections  no 
attempt  was  made  to  save  the  treated  hogs.  Upon  summarizing  the 
results  at  the  end  of  the  season  it  was  found  that  more  than  85  per  cent. 


of  the  treated  hogs  had  been  saved  in  the  herds  that  were  sick  at  the 
time  of  treatment,  while  of  the  hogs  left  untreated  in  the  same  herds 
only  25  per  cent,  survived;  more  than  95  per  cent,  of  the  treated 
animals  were  saved  in  the  herds  which  had  been  exposed  at  the  time 
of  treatment,  while  of  the  untreated  hogs  in  the  same  herd  only  11 
per  cent,  survived ;  of  the  treated  hogs  in  the  herds  that  did  not  become 
exposed  until  after  the  treatment  none  were  lost,  whereas  only  35  per 
cent,  of  the  untreated  hogs  in  the  same  herds  survived. 

While  in  practice  the  serum  may  not  always  give  as  good  results 
as  these,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  if  used  properly  and  in  the  early 
period  of  an  outbreak  of  hog  cholera  it  will  effect  a  very  large  saving. 

Results  of  the  use  of  the  Dorset-Nile  serum  in  other  states. — During 
the  past  two  years  the  success  of  the  Dorset-Niles  serum  in  saving  hogs 
from  cholera  has,  in  several  important  hog-raising  states,  confirmed 
the  experiments  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  just 
mentioned.  In  Kansas  the  mortality  from  hog  cholera  has  been 
reduced  from  80  per  cent,  to  10  per  cent,  in  infected  herds,  when 
serum  has  been  administered  at  the  beginning  of  the  outbreak.  Equal 
results  have  been  obtained  in  many  of  the  other  states.  The  value  of 
this  treatment  is  evident  when  the  cost  of  vaccination  and  the  loss 
without  treatment,  are  considered.  The  10  per  cent,  loss  can  be 
accounted  for  in  part  by  the  fact  that  some  hogs  are  infected,  without 
yet  showing  visible  symptoms  at  the  time  of  vaccination.  The  serum 
is  only  a  preventive,  not  a  cure. 

HOG  CHOLERA  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
The  losses  from  cholera  in  hogs  in  this  state  have  been  extensive. 
This  is  evidenced  by  the  report  of  the  State  Veterinarian  for  the  two 
years  ending  June  30,  1910.     He  says : 

Numerous  reports  of  deaths  in  hogs  from  cholera  were  received  and  investi- 
gated by  this  office.  In  the  following  counties  the  losses  from  this  disease  were 
quite  extensive:  San  Luis  Obispo,  Fresno,  Los  Angeles,  Mendocino,  Kings, 
Tehama,  Santa  Cruz,  San  Joaquin,  Tulare,  Santa  Clara,  Monterey,  Merced, 
Colusa,  and  Shasta.  Hog  cholera  is,  however,  pretty  well  distributed  throughout 
the  hog-raising  sections  of  this  state,  and  acts  not  only  as  a  menace  to  hog 
raising,  but  also  prevents  the  natural  development  of  this  important  industry. 
California  is  particularly  adapted  for  the  raising  of  hogs.  The  large  areas  in 
this  state  which  have  in  the  past  few  years  been  turned  into  dairies  through  the 
development  of  irrigation,  offer  an  excellent  field  for  the  production  of  pork. 
The  by-products  from  these  dairies,  as  well  as  the  class  of  feed  that  can  be 
grown  under  the  system  of  irrigation,  insures  the  production  of  pork  at  a 
relatively  low  cost.  To  what  extent  hog  raising  can  be  reached  in  California 
is  only  limited  by  the  protection  that  can  be  afforded  hog  raisers  against  the 
ravages  from  hog  cholera. 

At  the  present  time  we  raise  a  very  small  part  of  the  pork  which  is  consumed 
in  this  state.  Nearly  all  of  our  pork  is  brought  into  California  in  refrigerator 
cars  in  sweet  pickle  from  the  packing  centers  of  the  Middle  West.     For  fresh 


pork  many  carloads  of  hogs  are  purchased  by  California  packers  in  other  states 
and  hauled  out  here  for  slaughter.  Why  this  condition  should  exist  in  an 
agricultural  state  like  California,  where  every  facility  exists  for  hog  raising. 
sufficient  to  supply  at  least  our  own  consumption  of  pork,  is  undoubtedly  due, 
in  the  opinion  of  the  writer,  to  the  fact  that  a  hog  breeder  is  afraid  to  take 
chances  with  cholera  decimating  his  herd.  This  opinion  is  shared  by  many 
others  in  this  state.  The  deaths  from  this  disease  are  so  rapid  that  under 
present  conditions  in  California  it  spreads  rapidly  from  one  animal  to  another 
until  in  a  very  short  time  practically  the  entire  herd  is  dead. 

It  appears  from  the  above  data,  and  from  investigations  made  by 
veterinarians  of  the  California  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  that 
losses  have  occurred  in  nearly  every  hog-raising  district  of  the  state. 

Anti-hog  Cholera  Serum  provided  for  California. — In  response  to 
a  demand  by  many  interested  in  swine  raising,  the  following  bill  was 
prepared,  and  passed  the  State  Legislature  in  1911.  Six  thousand 
dollars  of  the  appropriation  became  available  June  21,  1911,  but  to 
expedite  the  work  of  establishing  the  serum  plant,  the  Regents  of  the 
University  of  California  advanced  three  thousand  dollars  soon  after 
the  Governor  signed  the  bill,  and  the  work  of  preparation  was 
prosecuted  with  all  possible  diligence. 

An  Act  to  provide  for  the  preparation  and  distribution  of  serums  or  vaccines 
for  the  prevention  of  the  disease  known  as  Cholera  in  Hogs  in  the  State  of 
California,  making  an  appropriation  therefor  and  prescribing  the  duties  of 
the  controller  and  treasurer  in  relation  thereto. 

The  People  of  the  State  of  California,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do 

enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.  The  Regents  of  the  University  of  California  are  hereby  directed 
to  cause  to  be  prosecuted  with  all  possible  diligence,  through  the  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  the  preparation  of  serums  or  vaccines  that  will  produce 
immunity  in  hogs  against  the  disease  known  as  cholera. 

Sec.  2.  The  Regents  of  the  University  of  California  are  hereby  further 
authorized  and  directed  to  furnish  such  serums  or  vaccines  in  quantities  not 
exceeding  five  hundred  cubic  centimeters  as  soon  as  possible  after  this  act 
takes  effect  free  of  charge  to  any  bona  fide  resident  of  the  State  of  California 
who  is  engaged  in  the  raising  of  hogs,  upon  application  by  such  bona  fide 
resident  hog  raiser. 

Sec.  3.  The  Regents  of  the  University  of  California  are  also  hereby  further 
authorized  and  directed  to  furnish  any  bona  fide  resident  of  this  state,  who 
is  engaged  in  the  raising  of  hogs,  such  serums  or  vaccines  in  quantities  in 
excess  of  five  hundred  cubic  centimeters,  upon  the  applicant  paying  therefor 
the  actual  cost  of  production  of  such  serums  or  vaccines. 

Sec.  4.  It  is  herewith  provided  that  no  serums  or  vaccines  shall  be  furnished 
free  of  charge  to  anyone  unless  the  applicant  shall  have  first  furnished  sufficient 
evidence  that  the  disease  known  as  cholera  exists  among  his  hogs  or  among 
the  hogs  in  his  immediate  neighborhood,  and  in  such  case  evidence  shall  be 
furnished  by  said  applicant  that  there  is  danger  of  the  disease  being  com- 
municated to  the  applicant's  hogs. 

Sec.  5.  Any  person  who  shall  sell,  give  away,  or  misuse  any  of  the  serums 
so  furnished  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and  be  punished  as  in  such  cases  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  6.  The  Director  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  shall  obtain 
and  establish  such  assistance,  equipment,  materials,  appliances,  apparatus,  and 
other  necessary  incidentals  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  successful  prosecution 
of  this  work  within  the  appropriation  herein  specified. 


Sec.  7.  The  sum  of  sixteen  thousand  ($16,000.00)  dollars  is  hereby  appro- 
priated out  of  any  money  in  the  state  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  six 
thousand  ($6,000.00)  dollars  of  which  shall  be  available  for  the  balance  of  the 
sixty-second  fiscal  year  and  ten  thousand  ($10,000.00)  dollars  of  which  shall  be 
available  during  the  sixty-third  and  sixty-fourth  fiscal  years  for  the  use  of 
said  Experiment  Station  to  be  expended  by  the  Regents  of  the  University  of 
California  in  carrying  out  the  purposes  of  this  act,  and  the  State  Controller  is 
hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  draw  his  warrant  for  the  same,  and  the  State 
Treasurer  is  hereby  directed  to  pay  such  warrant. 

Sec.  8.  All  money  appropriated  under  this  act,  and  all  money  received  for 
the  sale  of  said  serums  or  vaccines  as  provided  for  in  section  three  of  this  act, 
shall  be  paid  to  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  California,  and  shall  be 
expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Director  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  of  said  University  for  the  specific  purposes  herein   named. 

Cost  of  the  Serum. — Owing  to  the  short  time  that  this  experiment 
station  has  been  making  serum,  it  is  not  possible  at  the  present  time  to 
estimate  the  average  cost  of  production  for  the  year.  Every  economy, 
not  detrimental  to  the  production  of  a  potent  serum  will  be  practiced, 
and  the  price  fixed  at  actual  cost  of  production.  For  the  time  being, 
the  price  has  been  fixed  at  2y2  cents  per  cubic  centimeter,  which 
would  make  the  cost  of  the  dose  for  a  hundred  pound  hog,  50  cents. 

How  to  secure  Anti-hog  Cholera  Serum  from  the  University. — All 
applications  for  serum  should  be  made  out  on  blanks  furnished  for 
that  purpose.  These  application  blanks  may  be  obtained  by  writing 
to  the  Director  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Berkeley, 
California,  or  to  the  State  Veterinarian,  Sacramento,  California. 
Copies  have  been  sent  to  the  County  Live  Stock  Inspectors  in  the 
various  counties  having  such  officials,  and  an  effort  has  been  made  to 
place  application  blanks  in  the  hands  of  as  many  hog  raisers  and 
veterinarians  as  possible. 

In  cases  of  emergency  where  no  application  blanks  are  available, 
the  following  form  may  be  filled  out  and  sent  by  telegraph  as  a  night 
letter,  or  by  mail  as  a  special  delivery  letter : 

Director  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station, 
Berkeley,  California. 

Send  hog  serum   C.  O.  D.   to 


(Insert  name  of  express  office  here) 

^>r hogs,     total  weight 

( Number  of  hogs )  ( Total  weight  in  pounds ) 

Before  using  serum,  I  agree  to  fill  out,  sign,  and  mail  to  you  1 
•  plication  blanks  furnished  with  serum.  I  am  a  resident  of  Calif orn 

(Signed) 

(Signature  of  owner  of  hogs) 


